Sooner than expected? Useful quantum error correction promised for 2028.
摘要
近期量子计算领域发布多项重要进展，包括承诺在2028年实现实用纠错量子计算、更新离子阱处理器细节，以及因传统算法进步而调低量子霸权声称。业界普遍认为实用量子计算机仍需5至10年，但2028年的承诺显著早于预期。实用量子计算需通过逻辑量子比特实现纠错，即连接少量硬件量子比特以冗余存储信息并检测修复错误。
Quantum computing news usually picks up near the end of the year, as companies try to provide evidence that they are hitting benchmarks on time. However, there have been interesting announcements as the summer starts this year, from incremental progress to attention-grabbing promises. As we did earlier this month, Ars has a rundown of some of the most significant announcements.
These include a promise of useful, error-corrected quantum computing as soon as 2028, details on an updated trapped ion processor, and a case in which claims of quantum supremacy have been cut back a bit thanks to advances in more traditional algorithms.
2028 is remarkably soon
Many people in the field expect that useful quantum computers are still about five to 10 years away. While there may be a few useful algorithms that can be run on existing error-prone hardware, almost all of the interesting problems that quantum computing can be applied to will require some form of error correction enabled by linking a small collection of hardware qubits together into what's called a logical qubit. Logical qubits include the redundant storage of information along with neighboring qubits that can be measured to determine when errors occur and how to fix them.
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